2026年欧元区房贷利率:10年固定利率对比 ECB 存款利率

2026年欧元区房贷利率:10年固定利率对比 ECB 存款利率

European Central Bank · EUR · 传导 85% 高于 4 个月

Estimated, not live: No free, live-scrapable mortgage-rate feed is currently available for this country. The figures below are periodically recalibrated estimates, not a real-time reading.

Will Eurozone mortgage rates go up or down over the next 12 months?

Higher +74bp

Interest-rate futures currently imply that the typical Weighted Fixed Benchmark in the Eurozone rises from 3.59% today to 4.33% by 2027-09, about 74 basis points higher. This is not a forecast: it is the mortgage rate consistent with what markets are already pricing for European Central Bank policy.

Today
3.59%
Weighted Fixed Benchmark
Implied in 12 months
4.33%
2027-09
Implied change
+74bp
Policy rate 2.50% → 3.20%

数据截至 2026-10-04. Derived from interest-rate futures pricing for the policy rate, plus this market's long-run mortgage spread, pass-through factor and transmission lag. Market pricing changes daily and has been wrong before. Not financial advice.

政策利率
2.50%
European Central Bank
€STR
2.41%
Euro Short-Term Rate
固定房贷
3.59%
Eurozone Weighted Fixed Benchmark
浮动房贷
3.20%
Variable / 1-Year Fixed

Member-Country Bond Yields & Mortgage Rates

10-year government bond yield and the representative new-business mortgage rate for each euro-area member, with the spread over the ECB deposit rate. Rows sorted by mortgage rate; the weighted composite above is driven by the larger markets only.

国家Typical Product10Y Govt Bond房贷利率Spread vs ECB
斯洛伐克Fixed-period mortgage (3-5 yr)
5-年期
3.35%4.30%+1.80pp
爱沙尼亚Euribor-linked variable
1-年期
3.40%4.20%+1.70pp
拉脱维亚Euribor-linked variable
1-年期
3.35%4.00%+1.50pp
希腊Fixed-period mortgage
15-年期
3.45%3.90%+1.40pp
立陶宛Euribor-linked variable
1-年期
3.20%3.90%+1.40pp
荷兰10-30-Year fixed
20-年期
2.75%3.85%+1.35pp
塞浦路斯Fixed-period mortgage
5-年期
3.30%3.85%+1.35pp
意大利20-30-Year mutuo a tasso fisso
25-年期
3.65%3.75%+1.25pp
爱尔兰3-5-Year fixed
4-年期
2.85%3.75%+1.25pp
比利时20-Year fixed
20-年期
3.00%3.70%+1.20pp
德国10-Year Festzinsbindung
10-年期
2.55%3.65%+1.15pp
奥地利10-15-Year fixed
15-年期
2.95%3.60%+1.10pp
斯洛文尼亚Fixed-rate mortgage
10-年期
3.10%3.60%+1.10pp
葡萄牙Mixed / fixed-period mortgage
10-年期
3.05%3.55%+1.05pp
克罗地亚Fixed-rate mortgage
10-年期
3.30%3.55%+1.05pp
卢森堡Fixed-rate mortgage
15-年期
2.70%3.55%+1.05pp
法国20-25-Year taux fixe
25-年期
3.05%3.45%+0.95pp
西班牙15-30-Year hipoteca tipo fijo
25-年期
3.15%3.35%+0.85pp
芬兰Euribor-linked variable
1-年期
2.80%3.35%+0.85pp
马耳他Variable-rate mortgage
floating
3.25%3.30%+0.80pp

Per-country mortgage rate forecasts

Each euro-area member has its own page with the national mortgage rate, the 10-year government bond yield, the spread over the ECB deposit rate, and the 12-month path implied by euro futures pricing.

奥地利 比利时 克罗地亚 塞浦路斯 爱沙尼亚 芬兰 法国 德国 希腊 爱尔兰 意大利 拉脱维亚 立陶宛 卢森堡 马耳他 荷兰 葡萄牙 斯洛伐克 斯洛文尼亚 西班牙

传导链条

步骤1
European Central Bank policy rate
2.50%
步骤2
€STR
2.41%
步骤3
Eurozone Weighted Fixed Benchmark
3.59%

房贷 − 政策利率的平均历史利差: 1.30pp. 当前利差: 1.09pp. 低于长期平均:竞争或债券购买压缩了利差。

隐含12个月远期路径

如果期货隐含的政策利率路径成立,且历史利差回归长期均值,典型固定房贷利率会落在何处。

Eurozone implied 12-month forward mortgage path
如何阅读本页

上方四个指标卡显示实时政策利率(由央行设定)、银行间利率以及该国居民可获得的典型固定和浮动房贷利率。政策利率与房贷利率之间的差距就是利差,即贷款机构为覆盖融资、信用风险和利润而加上的部分。

第一张图显示过去五年的利差。如果阴影区域扩大,说明银行在政策利率之上收取更多,通常是因为长端市场变动或银行重新定价风险。如果收窄,则可能是竞争或央行购债压缩利润率。第二张图,即隐含12个月远期路径,把当前期货市场对政策利率方向的押注与历史利差结合,显示在关系成立时你的房贷利率可能落在哪里。它不是预测,而是当前市场定价已经隐含的结果。

各国特定利差驱动因素

房贷减政策利率的利差可分解为四个主要驱动因素。第一,融资曲线:贷款机构主要通过担保债融资的司法辖区继承swap-plus-covered-spread基差;依赖存款特许权融资的贷款机构则更锚定短端传导和存款beta;美国贷款机构将贷款出售进机构MBS池,因此利差会受一级/二级MBS基差和美联储SOMA再投资政策影响。

第二,提前还款选项与凸性:没有经济性提前还款罚金的产品按OAS而非名义利差交易;利率波动时期OAS扩大可直接传导至借款人利率。第三,贷款机构久期错配:若本地主导产品固定期较短,资产负债缺口较小,利差更稳定;若固定期较长,则依赖互换和MBS市场进行久期对冲,相关市场承压时利差扩大。第四,监管上限与资本处理:利率上限、审慎LTV/DTI约束和资本权重差异都会改变边际信贷成本,并以一到三个季度的滞后传导到报价利率。

远期路径(月度)

月份隐含政策利率预计 Eurozone Weighted Fixed Benchmark利差
2026-102.50%3.64%+1.14pp
2026-112.52%3.67%+1.15pp
2026-122.72%3.75%+1.03pp
2027-012.72%3.81%+1.08pp
2027-022.80%3.87%+1.07pp
2027-032.97%3.95%+0.99pp
2027-042.97%4.02%+1.05pp
2027-053.05%4.09%+1.04pp
2027-063.11%4.16%+1.05pp
2027-073.18%4.23%+1.04pp
2027-083.18%4.28%+1.10pp
2027-093.20%4.33%+1.13pp

ECB 政策如何传导至欧元区房贷利率

欧洲中央银行设定三项政策利率;自2008年引入超额准备金以来,存款便利利率 一直是实际具有约束力的操作利率。存款利率锚定 €STR (Euro Short-Term Rate),后者通常与存款便利利率只相差几个基点,并作为几乎所有银行间融资的参考。

相较美国,政策向房贷利率的传导更快也更完整。原因有三点:

  1. 银行主导:约80%的欧元区房贷留在银行资产负债表上,而不是证券化,因此银行会更直接地转嫁融资成本变化。
  2. 典型固定期更短:除德国和荷兰外,主流固定期为5-10年,而不是30年。这更接近政策利率实际影响的期限。
  3. MIR 统计公开:ECB 的 MFI Interest Rate (MIR) 数据集每月公布新业务平均利率,因此利差透明且竞争充分。

各国特定产品惯例

欧元区并不是单一市场。各成员国的“典型”房贷差异很大:

快照表使用德国、法国、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙、荷兰、比利时和奥地利的加权篮子。德国因市场规模较大而被纳入,但不会被当作整个欧盟或欧元区的代理指标。

相对 ECB 存款利率的历史利差

欧元区呈现主要经济体中最清晰的传导。自2015年以来,10年固定房贷与 ECB 存款利率的利差平均约为 1.3个百分点,但有两次明显偏离:

到2026年中,利差已恢复正常。上方图表显示完整路径。

12个月远期路径

远期路径使用 3个月 Euribor futures 和 €STR-OIS curves 推导未来一年 ECB 存款利率,再通过加入历史利差预测成员国加权篮子。由于欧元区传导程度较高(约85%在4个月内完成),预测房贷利率会较紧密地跟随隐含政策利率。

来源与方法论

如需更深入的 ECB 分析,请参阅 欧洲中央银行页面;德国 Bund 背景请参阅 收益率曲线监测器。

Frequently Asked Questions

On current market pricing, no. Futures pricing implies the typical Weighted Fixed Benchmark in the Eurozone rises from 3.59% today to 4.33% by 2027-09, about 74 basis points higher. That path assumes the European Central Bank policy rate follows the futures curve and the mortgage spread returns to its long-run average of 1.30 percentage points. It is what the market implies, not a forecast.

The typical mortgage in the Eurozone is the Weighted Fixed Benchmark, currently 3.59% as of 2026-10-04. The European Central Bank policy rate is 2.50%, so borrowers pay a spread of 1.09 percentage points over the policy rate, covering the lender's funding cost, credit risk and margin.

This is not financial advice, and the honest answer is that the market has already priced its own view in. Today the Weighted Fixed Benchmark costs 3.59% and the Variable / 1-Year Fixed costs 3.20%. Futures pricing implies the fixed rate moves +74 basis points over the next twelve months, so fixing today only wins if rates end up higher than that implied path — you are betting against current market pricing, not against nothing.

About 85% of a European Central Bank policy rate change reaches the typical mortgage rate in the Eurozone, and it takes roughly 4 months to get there. The rest is absorbed by the lender's spread, which moves with bond yields, funding conditions and competition rather than with the policy rate itself.

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