2026年日本房贷利率:浮动利率与 Flat 35 对比 BoJ 政策利率

2026年日本房贷利率:浮动利率与 Flat 35 对比 BoJ 政策利率

Bank of Japan · JPY · 传导 40% 高于 9 个月

Estimated, not live: No free, live-scrapable mortgage-rate feed is currently available for this country. The figures below are periodically recalibrated estimates, not a real-time reading.

Will Japan mortgage rates go up or down over the next 12 months?

Higher +30bp

Interest-rate futures currently imply that the typical Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed) in Japan rises from 3.21% today to 3.51% by 2027-09, about 30 basis points higher. This is not a forecast: it is the mortgage rate consistent with what markets are already pricing for Bank of Japan policy.

Today
3.21%
Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed)
Implied in 12 months
3.51%
2027-09
Implied change
+30bp
Policy rate 1.25% → 2.07%

数据截至 2026-10-04. Derived from interest-rate futures pricing for the policy rate, plus this market's long-run mortgage spread, pass-through factor and transmission lag. Market pricing changes daily and has been wrong before. Not financial advice.

政策利率
1.25%
Bank of Japan
TONA
1.00%
Tokyo Overnight Average Rate
固定房贷
3.21%
Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed)
浮动房贷
0.95%
Variable Rate

传导链条

步骤1
Bank of Japan policy rate
1.25%
步骤2
TONA
1.00%
步骤3
Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed)
3.21%

房贷 − 政策利率的平均历史利差: 2.21pp. 当前利差: 1.96pp. 低于长期平均:竞争或债券购买压缩了利差。

隐含12个月远期路径

如果期货隐含的政策利率路径成立,且历史利差回归长期均值,典型固定房贷利率会落在何处。

Japan implied 12-month forward mortgage path
如何阅读本页

上方四个指标卡显示实时政策利率(由央行设定)、银行间利率以及该国居民可获得的典型固定和浮动房贷利率。政策利率与房贷利率之间的差距就是利差,即贷款机构为覆盖融资、信用风险和利润而加上的部分。

第一张图显示过去五年的利差。如果阴影区域扩大,说明银行在政策利率之上收取更多,通常是因为长端市场变动或银行重新定价风险。如果收窄,则可能是竞争或央行购债压缩利润率。第二张图,即隐含12个月远期路径,把当前期货市场对政策利率方向的押注与历史利差结合,显示在关系成立时你的房贷利率可能落在哪里。它不是预测,而是当前市场定价已经隐含的结果。

各国特定利差驱动因素

房贷减政策利率的利差可分解为四个主要驱动因素。第一,融资曲线:贷款机构主要通过担保债融资的司法辖区继承swap-plus-covered-spread基差;依赖存款特许权融资的贷款机构则更锚定短端传导和存款beta;美国贷款机构将贷款出售进机构MBS池,因此利差会受一级/二级MBS基差和美联储SOMA再投资政策影响。

第二,提前还款选项与凸性:没有经济性提前还款罚金的产品按OAS而非名义利差交易;利率波动时期OAS扩大可直接传导至借款人利率。第三,贷款机构久期错配:若本地主导产品固定期较短,资产负债缺口较小,利差更稳定;若固定期较长,则依赖互换和MBS市场进行久期对冲,相关市场承压时利差扩大。第四,监管上限与资本处理:利率上限、审慎LTV/DTI约束和资本权重差异都会改变边际信贷成本,并以一到三个季度的滞后传导到报价利率。

远期路径(月度)

月份隐含政策利率预计 Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed)利差
2026-101.25%3.22%+1.97pp
2026-111.25%3.23%+1.98pp
2026-121.42%3.25%+1.83pp
2027-011.59%3.27%+1.68pp
2027-021.59%3.30%+1.71pp
2027-031.75%3.33%+1.57pp
2027-041.76%3.36%+1.59pp
2027-051.76%3.38%+1.62pp
2027-061.76%3.41%+1.65pp
2027-071.76%3.43%+1.67pp
2027-082.07%3.47%+1.40pp
2027-092.07%3.51%+1.44pp

日本央行政策如何传导至日本房贷利率

日本是发达国家中的异类。日本央行设定 无担保隔夜拆借利率 目标(政策利率)。它锚定 TONA (Tokyo Overnight Average Rate),这是 TIBOR 之后的无风险基准。

但政策向典型日本房贷的传导异常缓慢且不完整。原因在于:占新增发放70%以上的浮动房贷并不直接基于 TONA 或政策利率定价,而是基于 短期最优惠贷款利率(短期プライムレート),该利率由大型商业银行自行设定,历史上通常 只在 政策出现大幅变化时才调整。短期 prime 从2009年1月到2024年初一直维持在1.475%,在这15年间 BoJ 多次调整政策利率,但 prime 未动。

结果是:BoJ 政策利率向典型浮动房贷的传导约为 9个月滞后下的0.40,明显低于此处追踪的七家央行辖区。即便 BoJ 在2024年退出负利率,之后12个月平均浮动房贷也只上升约25 bp。

当前利率快照

快照表显示典型浮动房贷(変動金利)、Flat 35 35年固定平均利率、TONA 和 BoJ 政策利率。浮动利率仍异常低,许多借款人低于1%,这是日本房贷偿债率为 OECD 最低的最主要原因。

相对政策利率的历史利差

由于短期 prime 黏性很强,浮动房贷与 BoJ 政策利率之间的利差在某些时期实际上与政策利率 负相关:当 BoJ 在2024-2025年加息时,银行缓慢重新转嫁前,利差反而 收窄。历史图表展示了这一独特模式。

相比之下,Flat 35 固定利率直接基于 10年期 JGB 收益率加固定利润率 定价,因此更随市场预期变化,而不是随当前政策利率变化。

12个月远期路径

对日本建模必须承认短期 prime 的黏性。我们的远期模型采用较低传导系数(0.40)和9个月滞后,以近似历史关系。其含义是:即便市场定价显示 BoJ 进一步收紧,典型浮动房贷利率预计在未来一年也只会温和上升。这与澳大利亚或英国形成鲜明对比,在那些市场,同等幅度的政策变化几乎会一比一传导。

日本特定房贷产品惯例

主要大型银行(MUFG、Mizuho、SMBC)及地方银行主导发放,Aruhi 等非银行贷款机构则专注于 Flat 35。

来源与方法论

请参阅 Bank of Japan 页面 了解 BoJ 会议概率。

Frequently Asked Questions

On current market pricing, no. Futures pricing implies the typical Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed) in Japan rises from 3.21% today to 3.51% by 2027-09, about 30 basis points higher. That path assumes the Bank of Japan policy rate follows the futures curve and the mortgage spread returns to its long-run average of 2.21 percentage points. It is what the market implies, not a forecast.

The typical mortgage in Japan is the Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed), currently 3.21% as of 2026-10-04. The Bank of Japan policy rate is 1.25%, so borrowers pay a spread of 1.96 percentage points over the policy rate, covering the lender's funding cost, credit risk and margin.

This is not financial advice, and the honest answer is that the market has already priced its own view in. Today the Flat 35 (35-Year Fixed) costs 3.21% and the Variable Rate costs 0.95%. Futures pricing implies the fixed rate moves +30 basis points over the next twelve months, so fixing today only wins if rates end up higher than that implied path — you are betting against current market pricing, not against nothing.

About 40% of a Bank of Japan policy rate change reaches the typical mortgage rate in Japan, and it takes roughly 9 months to get there. The rest is absorbed by the lender's spread, which moves with bond yields, funding conditions and competition rather than with the policy rate itself.

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